Fittonia

Fittonia likes consistently moist soil, but not soggy. Water when the top two inches of soil feels dry, and be sure to water thoroughly. It is important to empty any water that collects in the drainage dish as prolonged sitting in water can lead to root rot. Allow soil to dry out slightly more in the winter. Regular misting of the leaves can also be a great way to increase the humidity around the plant.

Fittonia prefers bright, indirect light, so placing it on a windowsill that doesn't receive direct sun is ideal. The light levels should be similar to what one would find beneath the jungle canopy, where sunlight is filtered through the leaves of the tall trees and other plants. Too much direct sunlight can scorch the leaves. Direct sunlight should be avoided entirely in the summer months.

Fittonia prefers a temperature range between 65-80ᵒF (18-27ᵒC). If temperatures go above 80ᵒF (27ᵒC), the plant can start to stress out and the leaves can become yellow. If temperatures go down too low, the plant can suffer from frostbite.

Like most tropical rainforest dwellers, Fittonia loves high humidity. Regular misting of the leaves should be sufficient for most homes, and can help to keep the leaves looking vibrant. During drier winter months, it is a good idea to group the plants together and run a humidifier for short periods throughout the day. Alternatively, planting Fittonia in terrariums and vivariums can provide the perfect environment for the plant.

Fittonia likes well-draining soil, as it likes plenty of moisture but doesn't like to root in soggy conditions. A good potting soil or soil for terrariums will do the job. Add a handful of perlite or course horticultural sand to increase drainage if necessary.

Fertilize Fittonia monthly during the growing season with a balanced, water soluble fertilizer specifically designed for houseplants. Dilute the fertilizer with water as directed on the package, and pour it directly onto the soil. Avoid fertilizing during winter months as the plant will not be actively growing.

Although fairly pest-free, Fittonia can be susceptible to mealybugs, scale, and spider mites. To get rid of mealybugs, scale, and spider mites, take the plant outside and spray it down thoroughly with water. This should dislodge the pests from the Fittonia. If that does not get rid of them, then use rubbing alcohol to wipe down the plant down until all pests are gone. Afterwards, rinse the plant with warm water. If the plant is in a terrarium, be sure to take it out and thoroughly clean the terrarium to make sure the infestation does not continue.

Fittonia can stay in the same pot for at least a year, but should be repotted every other year as the roots fill the container. Repot in the spring with a plastic pot that has plenty of drainage holes. Use a good quality houseplant potting soil or a soil specific for terrariums.

Fittonia does not generally need pruning. If the plant grows too long and leggy, prune it back to a height of 6 inches to promote a bushier form. Prune right above a node, as the new growth will sprout from that location.

Mulching is not necessary with Fittonia, but it can help the soil to stay moist for a longer period of time. Organic mulches like shredded leaves or wood chips can be added to the surface of the soil.

Fittonia can be propagated from stem cuttings. Take a cutting with at least two leaves and dip the end in rooting hormone, then plant it in moist soil. Keep slightly moist and give ample humidity and warmth, and the stem should begin to root in a few weeks. As with any propagation, it is important to stay patient as it can take several weeks to months before the plant develops a solid root structure.

Fittonia is a naturally short plant and does not need the support of a stake or trellis. However, if it begins to lean or tip over, using a stake or trellis can help to keep the plant upright.

Fittonia generally doesn't need a rest period, and in fact can become stressed if hibernation is too long. However, during winter months when light levels are low, Fittonia is likely to become dormant and will benefit from some room temperature showers in late winter to promote new growth.

Fittonia is not toxic to pets, but it is best to keep away from small children and animals as the leaves are delicate and may adhere to small mouths if eaten.