Ocotillo

Although ocotillo is drought tolerant, it will appreciate occasional deep waterings to keep it healthy. During its active growth period, it will need watering around twice a month if it does not receive any rain. During dry periods, it should be given supplemental water. Water deeply to allow moisture to reach the deeper roots. Make sure to water at the base of the plant and not on the leaves or stems as this can cause fungal diseases.

Ocotillo does best in full sun, although it can tolerate light shade and still flower and thrive. In climates with intense summer heat, a little afternoon or early evening shade can be helpful. While not a desert plant, ocotillo can go for a long time without water and is very drought tolerant.

The ocotillo will do best in hot and dry climates with temperatures between 45 - 90 degrees Fahrenheit (7-32 degrees Celsius). It will tolerate temperatures down to -10 degrees Fahrenheit (-23 degrees Celsius) for short periods of time, but can be damaged with temperatures below that.

Ocotillo prefers low levels of humidity. It is not tolerant of high humidity and should not be placed in areas with humidity levels more than 45 - 55%. High humidity can lead to fungal diseases such as root rot and powdery mildew.

Ocotillo prefers a cactus potting soil or a mix of one-third sand and two-thirds potting soil. The soil should be slightly alkaline, with a pH range between 6 and 7. If the soil is too acidic, add dolomite lime to raise the pH. The soil should be well-draining and should never be soggy.

Fertilization may be beneficial late in the spring and early in the summer months, especially if the ocotillo is in a container or experiencing slow growth. A balanced 10-10-10 fertilizer is best. Water the fertilizer in well to allow it to reach the roots of the plant. If sudden browning of leaves occur after fertilization, it is best to stop and wait until the soil has naturally replenished itself with essential nutrients.

The ocotillo is generally not affected by pests. However, it can occasionally become infested with mealybugs, aphids, and mites. Mealybugs are white, cottony-looking bugs found near the stems and leaves of the plant. Aphids are small, pear-shaped bugs that can be either green or black. Mites are small, spider-like pests that feed on the plant’s juices. To get rid of these pests, spray the plant with a mild soap and water mixture or introduce beneficial predators such as ladybugs or lacewings. If the infestation is severe, you may need to use a stronger insecticide to help eradicate the pests.

Ocotillo should be repotted in early spring when the new growth begins. Use a slightly larger potting container with fresh cactus potting soil or a mix that is well-draining. The pot should be shallow and wide, as the plant does not have a deep root system. Repot when the roots are beginning to become root bound or when the potting soil is starting to deteriorate.

Pruning is not usually required for ocotillo, but it may be necessary to keep the plant in a more compact size or to remove dead or diseased branches. Pruning should be done in late winter or early spring, before new growth begins. Older, weedy growth should be pruned away, and stems should be cut back to a length of about two feet.

Mulching is not necessary as ocotillo does not require extra water and mulch can often hold in too much moisture. If mulch is desired, use decomposed wood or bark in an area that provides good air circulation.

The easiest way to propagate ocotillo is by taking stem cuttings. Cut 4 to 6 inch sections from healthy stems and dip the cut ends into rooting hormone. Place the cuttings in well-drained potting soil and water lightly. The cuttings will begin to take root in 5-7 weeks, and can be transplanted to new pots or outdoors if desired.

Ocotillo does not need staking or support, but it may need to be pruned for size or appearance purposes.

Ocotillo does not require a dormancy period, as long as temperatures remain above freezing. If temperatures take a sudden drop, ocotillo will go dormant until spring temperatures rise.

Ocotillo is not toxic to pets.