Elephantshead
Elephantshead (Pedicularis groenlandica) is a low-maintenance perennial plant that is a great addition to raised flower beds and rock gardens. It is a semi-evergreen that provides purple to redish purple showy spikes of hooded flowers. This plant is native to North American and can be found growing in sandy or rocky soils. It typically blooms from late spring to early summer.
Water your Elephantshead when the soil is slightly dry. Avoid overwatering it as this can cause root rot. Always check the soil and water when the top inch or so of soil feels dry. Make sure the soil drains well to avoid too much water sitting at the bottom of the pot.
Elephantshead prefers full sun but will tolerate partial shade. In warmer climates, it should be protected from the afternoon sun. Lack of light will cause the plant’s stems to become leggy. The leaves may turn purple or yellow if it does not receive enough light.
Elephantshead prefers a temperature range of 55–70°F (13–21°C). In the winter it should be kept at a lower temperature from 45–55°F (7–13°C). Make sure to place the plant in an area that does not get too hot or cold, as this can shock the plant and cause damage.
The plant prefers moderate levels of humidity, so misting it once a week will help create the conditions its needs. If you can keep the humidity at 40% to 50%, the plant will have a much better chance of thriving.
Elephantshead prefers well-draining soil with a neutral pH. A mix of loam and sand will help to ensure good drainage. If your soil is not draining well, add some pumice or perlite to ensure good drainage. Make sure to keep the soil moist but not soggy as too much moisture can cause root rot.
Fertilize your Elephantshead once in the spring with a complete fertilizer. This will help to provide the plant with the nutrients it needs to remain healthy. Avoid fertilizing in the middle of summer and make sure to follow the directions on the package for proper dosage and application.
Elephantshead can be susceptible to a few common pests, such as spider mites, mealybugs, and aphids. Spider mites will cause a web-like appearance on the plant and can quickly spread. Mealybugs can be identified by white eggs on the underside of leaves and white waxy masses on the stems. Aphids can be identified by their small green or black bodies. To treat pests, spray the plant with insecticidal soap or neem oil. You can also use a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol to remove pests. Do this as soon as you spot them to prevent further damage.
It is best to repot Elephantshead every 1-2 years in the spring, when the temperature and weather starts to warm. Make sure to use a pot that is a few inches larger than the one before and use a potting soil that is well-draining and has plenty of organic matter. As you repot your Elephantshead, gently pull the roots apart and remove any dead or damaged roots. Fill in the gaps with soil and water deeply to settle the roots.
Prune your Elephantshead to keep it looking its best. When the flower spikes start to fade, you can cut them off to make way for new flowers. To keep the plant looking neat, you can also prune off any dead or damaged leaves. Make sure to use sharp, clean pruners to avoid damaging the plant.
Mulching around the base of your Elephantshead can help to keep the soil moist and provide the plant with additional nutrients. Use a lightweight mulch such as pine bark or shredded leaves. Keep the mulch away from the stems as this can cause root rot.
Elephantshead can be propagated by divisions or by seed. For division, gently pull the plant apart and repot each section. To propagate by seed, sow the seeds in early spring and cover with a thin layer of soil. Make sure the soil is kept moist and the seeds should germinate in 2-3 weeks. Transplant seedlings after a few weeks.
Elephantshead produces tall flower spikes that can need some support. Place a small stake near the plant and tie the stem to it for additional support. This will help to keep the stem from breaking.
Like most perennials, Elephantshead will go dormant during the winter months. During its dormant period, the leaves will turn yellow and the foliage will die back. This is completely natural and no worries. The plant will soon return to its normal state during the spring months.
Elephantshead is not toxic to animals, but make sure to keep it out of the reach of pets. It can cause some mild skin irritation if touched.