Cymbopogon citratus
Cymbopogon citratus, commonly known as Lemongrass, is a tall, perennial grass with long, narrow, green leaves. It is native to India, but is now found all around the world. It is used in Asian cuisine, in teas, and also to make perfumes, soaps, and other aromatics. Lemongrass is also a popular ornamental plant, used for its attractive appearance and fragrant smell. It can grow in both indoor and outdoor settings.
This plant is drought-tolerant and does not need much water. It does best with regular watering but it should not be allowed to stay soggy or sit in water. Water lightly and only when needed, when the top inch of soil starts to feel dry. When temperatures drop, water less often. In winter, the plant only has to be watered about once or twice a month.
Lemongrass is a very low-maintenance plant that does well when placed in bright, indirect sunlight. It prefers full sun in cooler climates or temperatures, and does not do well in areas that are consistently damp and wet. If the plant appears to be growing too tall or lanky, it may be getting too much sun.
This grass does well in temperatures between 60-80°F (15-27°C). It can tolerate temperatures down to 55°F (13°C) if needed. In warmer climates, this plant can also be grown outdoors and can tolerate light frost.
This plant enjoys higher levels of humidity, and may benefit from misting. If the indoor environment is dry, try using a humidifier or a room evaporator to raise the humidity levels in the home.
Lemongrass prefers a light, well-draining soil that is slightly acidic (pH 6.0-6.5). Mix in compost or other organic matter to give the plant nutrients without adding too many minerals which could be damaging to the plant.
This plant does not need to be fertilized frequently, and too much fertilizer can be damaging. If needed, use a water-soluble fertilizer diluted to half-strength and apply every other month. Organic fertilizers, such as compost tea, can also be used, but consider only using them once every season.
Lemongrass is known to be fairly resistant to disease and pest infestations, but can still be affected by certain pests including aphids, mealybugs, whiteflies, and spider mites. To treat infestations, use insecticidal soap or a horticultural oil to kill the pests. Be sure to spray the undersides of the leaves as well.
This plant has fairly shallow roots and does better in a pot with less soil. It can typically remain in the same pot for 2-3 years, though more frequent repotting is recommended for faster growth. When repotting, use a light, well-draining soil mix and choose a pot that is no more than 1-2 inches wider than the existing pot.
This plant has a tendency to become unruly and will need to be pruned semi-regularly. Pinch off any dead leaves and any long, leggy stems. For larger plants, cut back the stems to encourage new growth and keep it within bounds. Make sure to use clean, sharp pruners to avoid plant damage.
Adding a thin (1-2 inch) layer of mulch around the base of the plant can help hold in moisture, but is not completely necessary.
Lemongrass can be propagated by division, meaning that a mature plant can be split into several smaller plants. The best time to divide the plant is in the early spring. Make sure that each division has several roots and place them into pots with the light, well-draining soil.
This plant does not need support, as its narrow stems are sturdy enough to keep it upright on their own.
In the fall and winter, this plant enters a rest period. During this period, it needs to be watered less frequently and should not be fertilized. In cooler climates, it may even die back completely before regrowing in the spring.
Lemongrass is not toxic to pets, and can even be used to repel fleas and ticks.