Artichoke
The Artichoke (Cynara cardunculus) is a robust and hardy plant that produces edible flower buds. This perennial is native to the Mediterranean region and is also grown in North and South America in temperate climates for its edible buds. The leaves are large and lobed with a thick waxy texture, while the flowers are a deep purple and measure up to three inches in diameter. Artichoke normally lives for five to eight years or more and is an ideal choice for anyone with a small garden who wishes to enjoy edible flowers.
The Artichoke needs to be watered regularly, especially during the summer. Soil should be allowed to dry slightly between watering. Avoid over- watering as it can cause root rot. During the winter, water only when the topsoil is dry. There is a risk of damage to new growth in winter when water is left on the leaves for extended periods.
The Artichoke needs full sun to remain healthy and vigorous. In warm climates, it grows best in slightly cooler temperatures. Artichokes like a lot of light but also appreciate some shade in the hottest parts of the day. They should be placed in a spot where they will get a minimum of six hours of sun a day.
Artichokes are adapted to mild Mediterranean climates, but in the United States, they can be grown in many areas if temperatures remain above 13°F (-11.11°C). Artichokes thrive in temperatures between 50-80°F (10-27°C) and with cool evenings. In warmer climates, some shade is beneficial for artichokes.
Artichokes prefer medium levels of humidity. Try to keep the relative humidity between 40-60%. High humidity can cause disease, while low humidity can cause the leaves to dry out, so regular misting may be necessary in dry weather.
Artichokes prefer a neutral soil pH and a rich, well-draining soil. Potting soil or a mix of garden soil and compost are best. Make sure to add a light mulch layer to retain moisture but avoid covering the stems and leaves.
Artichokes require fertilization throughout the growing season for best results. An all-purpose fertilizer or a slow-release fertilizer such as 5-10-5 or 8-8-8 should be applied every four to six weeks, starting with the first signs of growth in early spring. Be careful not to over fertilize; too much fertilizer can burn the plants.
Artichokes can suffer from a variety of pests. Commonly found pests include aphids, caterpillars, snails, slugs, and mites. To prevent pest infestations, use natural, organic methods such as planting companion plants, releasing beneficial insects, and hand-picking off pests. Chemical treatments may be used if an infestation is severe or if natural methods don’t work.
When artichokes begin to outgrow their container, they should be repotted. Typically, the best time to repot an artichoke is in late winter or early spring. Make sure to choose a pot that is at least two inches wider than the current pot, and fill it with rich, well-drained soil. Water occasionally but not too often.
It is important to prune an artichoke plant regularly to maintain the size and shape of the plant and to encourage new growth. Pruning can also help reduce the risk of disease. Remove dead, diseased, or damaged leaves as soon as they are noticed. Prune the center of the plant to promote branching and the growth of new buds.
Mulching helps to conserve moisture in the soil and suppress weeds. When mulching an artichoke, it is important to use a light material such as straw or bark chips so that the crown is not damaged. Keep the mulch away from the stems and leaves.
Propagating artichoke from seed can be tricky and time-consuming. The better option is to propagate from offsets in spring or summer. Offsets are pieces of stem or root that can be snipped from the parent plant and planted in a new pot. Once established, they can be fertilized and grown on.
Artichoke plants may benefit from support, especially in windy areas or when the plant is heavily laden with flower buds. Support is also beneficial to help the stems bear the weight of heavy flowers. Stakes, cages, or trellises can be used for support.
An artichoke plant needs a rest period in winter. During this dormant period, all water and fertilizer should be withheld until spring when the plant begins to wake up. If the plant is planted outside in an area with a mild winter, it can remain outside, but some extra protection such as mulch may be beneficial.
Artichoke is not toxic to pets; however, some of its parts may cause mild intestinal upset if consumed in large quantities. Keep the plant away from areas where pets can reach it to prevent any potential problems.